How the Catholic religion got started…
The history of the Catholic Church begins with the teachings of Jesus Christ (c. 4 BC – c. AD 30), who lived in Galilee (later conquered by the Roman Empire).[1] The Catholic Church instructs that it is the continuation of the early Christian community established by Jesus Christ,[2] that its bishops are the successors to Jesus’s apostles, and the Bishop of Rome, also known as the Pope, is the sole successor to Saint Peter[3] who was appointed by Jesus in the New Testament as head of the church and ministered in Rome.[3] [4] By the end of the 2nd century, bishops began congregating in regional synods to resolve doctrinal and policy issues.[5] By the 3rd century, the bishop of Rome began to act as a court of appeals for problems that other bishops could not resolve.[6]
Christianity spread throughout the early Roman Empire, despite persecutions due to conflicts with the pagan state religion. In 313, the legislation of Christianity by the Emperor Constantine I. lessened the struggles of the Early Church In 380, under Emperor Theodosius I, Christianity became the state religion of the Roman Empire by the decree of the Emperor, which would persist until the fall of the Western Empire, and later, with the Eastern Roman Empire, until the Fall of Constantinople. During this time, the period of the Seven Ecumenical Councils) there were considered five primary sees (jurisdictions within the Catholic Church) according to Eusebius: Rome, Constantinople, Antioch, Jerusalem, and Alexandria, known as the Pentarchy.
The whole period of the next five centuries was dominated by the struggle between Christianity and Islam throughout the Mediterranean Basin. The battles of Poitiers, and Toulouse preserved the Catholic west, even though Rome itself was ravaged in 850, and Constantinople besieged. In the 11th century, already strained relations between the primarily Greek church in the East, and the Latin church in the West, developed into the East-West Schism, partially due to conflicts over Papal Authority. The fourth crusade, and the sacking of Constantinople by renegade crusaders proved the final breach. In the 16th century, in response to the Protestant Reformation, the Church engaged in a process of substantial reform and renewal known as the Counter-Reformation.[7] In subsequent centuries, Catholicism spread widely across the world despite experiencing a reduction in its hold on European populations due to the growth of Protestantism and because of religious skepticism during and after the Enlightenment. The Second Vatican Council in the 1960s introduced the most significant changes to Catholic practices since the Council of Trent four centuries before.
[1] Smith, David (September 6, 2015). “From Bethlehem to Egypt to Nazareth, Jesus’s family accepted changes around them”.
[2] “Vatican congregation reaffirms truth, oneness of Catholic Church”, Catholic News Service. Retrieved 17-Mar-2012.
[3] Paragraph 862, Catechism of the Catholic Church, Second Edition, Liberia Editrice Vaticana 2012.
[4] Hitchcock, Geography of Religion (2004), p. 281, quote “Some (Christian communities) had been founded by Peter, the disciple Jesus designated as the founder of his church.
[5] Norman, The Roman Catholic Church an Illustrated History (2007), pp 11, 14, quote: “The Church was founded by Jesus himself in his earthly lifetime”.
[6] Chadwick, Henry, p 37
[7] Duffy p 18
Parents…
Parents (and divorced parents) talk to your children, find out what makes them tick, what the like, dislike, and how they feel about things.
When I say talk to your children, I mean talk to them, don’t talk at them, as if you’re telling them how to be extension of you. When you talk to your children, believe me, you both learn.
Children learn how to listen and how to speak to others. Parents learn about their children, how much they are learning in school, if words are important to them. Because, if words aren’t important to your children, it possibly means that they are having trouble in school.
When I was young, the only time my father and stepmother spoke to me (actually at me), was when they wanted to badmouth my mother. They didn’t do that to my sister for two reasons, first they didn’t have to, she joined in the mom bashing even though she didn’t know the first thing about her, and second, she was their favorite child. Even after my half-sister was born, my sister was still the favorite.
Because of the fact that my sister hated our mother, my father and stepmother used to pit us against each other. It was almost like a game to them, and the result, my sister and I don’t to this day speak to each other, though I have tried.
The only other time they spoke to me, they were hurting and humiliating me.
Parents, if you hurt and humiliate your children, the only lesson they will learn is to hurt and humiliate, that’s why there is a cycle of violence in the country, because some parents either shouldn’t be parents in the first place or once they are they should take parenting classes to end the cycle of violence.
Between my mother giving up custody of myself and my sister, and the fact that my father was always threatening to throw me out of the house, I didn’t fight hard enough when my father and ex-husband had my children taken from me and given to them.
I pray that if you’re in that boat that you fight to the death, the way I was too afraid to do.
In conclusion, get to know your children, you may find that you like as well as love them.
Reincarnation, who believes…
Hinduism…
In Hinduism, they believe that the enduring soul survives death, then spends some time, in the spirit world, and only then is brought back to earth in the form of a new body.
They believe that we are reborn into maybe the opposite sex, different life circumstances, or come back to a nonhuman body, like an animal form. They believe that all these are possible. Hinduism includes the entire belief in karma, the belief that the reason one is because of one’s behavior in their past lives. In the spirit world, earth life is undesirable and in order to avoid it, one must practice the religion in their daily lives and then eventually they will be released from the cycle of rebirth.
Buddhism…
Buddhists share some beliefs with the Hindus, but also have some beliefs of their own. Specifically, in Buddhism found in the Southern parts of Asia, their belief comes from anatta, which means substanceless, or now soul, which claims that there is no surviving entity that goes from one life to the next. Upon the death of the one personality, a new personality comes into being, like when the flame of one candle begins to die, it can still light another candle. When a person dies, another personality comes into being, basically it isn’t the same personality, but an entirely new one.
Shiite Muslims…
A number of the congregations of Shiite Muslims in the Western Asia, in particular the Druses of Lebanon and Syria, believe in reincarnation, but their belief doesn’t include karma. But rather, they believe that God assigns souls to several lives in various situations that are disconnected from each other, until judgment day, when they are either sent to heaven or hell depending on the moral quality of their actions through all their lifetimes. Another group to have this belief is the Alevis of Turkey.
Judaism and Christianity…
While reincarnation is not a mainstream belief in Judaism and Christianity, it is the belief of some of their groups. In Judaism, the Kabbalah teaches that based on an esoteric reading of the Hebrew scriptures they do believe in reincarnation. Hasidic Jews also include it in their teachings. In Christianity, some congregations, specifically, the Gnostic Christians, believe in reincarnation, and that some Christians in southern Europe did believe in it until the Council of Constantinople in 533 C.E. There is some support for reincarnation found in the passages of the New Testament book of Matthew, in which Jesus is seemed to say that John the Baptist is the prophet Elijah, reincarnated.
Ancient Greece…
There were Greek philosophers that wrote much about the belief in reincarnation, beginning with Orpheus and with Pythagoras. After that there were Socrates, and Plato, whose beliefs regarding reincarnation became very influential, they taught that one’s soul is in fact, immortal and that the soul exists well before birth. They also believe that the soul is reborn many times. That each soul chooses its next life, guided by the experiences of the previous lives.
Aristotle, accepted the ideas of the teacher Plato, in the beginning, but later rejected the concept of reincarnation and immortality, becoming the father of materialism.
Native Americans and Inuit…
Many Native American tribes, along with the Inuit, specifically those in the most northern and northwestern regions of North America, believe in reincarnation. The detail have varied across various groups. Many don’t believe that all souls will be reborn, that it’s manly those who have had a premature death, such as children being reincarnated into the same family, or warriors reborn with birthmarks that correspond to their wounds.
Some believe in reincarnating from a human into a nonhuman, and cross-sex reincarnation. They also believe that a person can be reincarnated into several different people at the same time.
West Africa…
The belief in reincarnation is wide-spread among the assorted peoples of West Africa. Unlike Hindus and Buddhists, their general belief is that reincarnation is desirable and that earth life is better than a state of limbo. The difference is that they believe that people are reborn in to the same family and that their soul can split and be reborn in to several lives at the same time. A lot of people believe that a soul can harass a family by dying as an infant only to be reborn into that same family again and again.
The analyze this…Cookbook!
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Thank you,
Laura Zambuto
Slaves…
By the reign of Pope Zacharias, (745-752) Venice had established a thriving slave trade, buying in Italy, among other places, and selling to the Moors in Northern Africa, even though Pope Zacharias had forbidden the traffic of slaves out of Rome.
For the African-Americans, who believe that Americans kidnapped their ancestors and brought them to America to be slaves, think again. As abhorrent as slavery is, the Americans actually bought the African slaves from their own family. And, there were Christians who were sold into slavery to the Muslims.
So, to be succinct, EVERYBODY was a slave at some point. Don’t think you’re lone rangers in this, you’re just the only ones who are screaming for restitution payments 150 years after your ancestors were liberated.
What’s the harm in…
Oversleeping is more harmful than I ever knew.
We all know that a good nights sleep is healthy, and lack of sleep, not so much. But, the problem is that sometimes too much of a good thing can bring about a whole raft of health problems.
Problems such as:
Impaired Brain Functioning and Mental Health: Sleep is important in the brain, as the brain clears out the waste, balances neurotransmitters and processes memories at rest. Both extremes, too much and too little rest may have an effect on mood and mental health.
Degenerative Diseases
Research indicates that getting too little or too much sleep may be tied to increased Alzheimer’s disease risk factors and studies found that long sleepers may be at increased risk of developing dementia.
Depression and Mental Health
Oversleeping is considered a potential symptom of depression. While many people with depression report insomnia, approximately 1.5% tend to oversleep.
People with long sleep durations are also more likely to have chronic depression or anxiety symptoms compared to normal sleepers. A recent study also found that sleeping too little or too much seemed to increase the genetics of depressive symptoms when compared to normal sleepers, 7-9 hours a night.
Increased Pain
While many times it can seem intuitive to rest more when we’re in pain, research shows that in some cases too much sleep can worsen those symptoms. Back pain can worsen from too little activity or spending too much time in bed. Sleeping in a less than optimal position or using an old or unsupportive mattress can also make back pain worse. Combined with staying still for a long period of time, these factors mean that you could awaken with worse back pain especially when spending longer amounts of time in bed.
Oversleeping is also linked with higher rates of headaches. Referred to as a “sleep headache,” sleeping in may trigger migraines and tension headaches. The cause isn’t necessarily sleep itself, but, some studies have linked it with caffeine withdrawal or increased stress.
Impaired Fertility
In a study of Korean women undergoing in vitro therapy found that women who slept seven to eight hours had the best chances of conceiving. The moderate sleepers had the highest pregnancy rates (53%) compared to those sleeping six hours or less (46%) and those sleeping nine to eleven hours (43%). Study authors suggest sleep outside the normal range could be affecting hormones and circadian cycles, impairing fertility.
Cognition
Using data from Lumosity brain-training, researchers found that cognitive performance on three different games all peaked when people slept around 7 hours worsening with more or less rest. Other studies have also found memory impairment and decreased cognitive function with longer sleep.
Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Glucose tolerance refers to the body’s ability to process sugar, and impaired glucose tolerate is associated with insulin resistance puts you at risk factor for type 2 diabetes and heart disease.
With all of these problems, why would anybody really want to sleep that long? I started studying the problems of oversleeping when I thought that more sleep was the answer to taking more pain pills for my failed back syndrome, unfortunately, it never really worked, and may have made me a pre-diabetic.
The moral? Try not to over, or under sleep, it’s not worth the problems.
African-Americans and the Republican Party…
The civil war started, because of uncompromising differences between the free and slave states. The war was really over the North’s desire to preserve the Union. Also, Lincoln thought slavery was an atrocity and wanted to abolish it forever. Also, did you know that he actually issued the Emancipation Proclamation twice?
The first time on September 22, 1862, and when the south refused to yield, again on January 1, 1863. This was a man who wasn’t kidding about how much he hated the idea of keeping slaves, although, it only covered the southern states. The proclamation declared that all person’s held in slavery in the south are now and ever will be free. Lincoln was a republican.
The reason I bring that up, is because, most of the African-Americans now a days, seem to be Democrat. I would’ve thought you all would be Republicans, considering the fact that a Republican was the one who freed the slaves, and no Republican wants to reverse that law. Even though the proclamation wasn’t ratified immediately, it wasn’t ratified until December 6, 1865, 7 months and 29 days it’s issuance.
Also, why would African-Americans back in the day, choose Washington, as their last name. I mean, they probably didn’t choose it, but they chose to keep it, and George Washington was a slave owner. So, why not change the last name to something like Lincoln? At least then, they would be associated with the man who actually freed the slaves, not owned them.
I also don’t understand why African-Americans today want to be paid restitution for the fact that over a hundred and fifty years ago was the last time any of their ancestors were slaves, and allow me to be one of the first to tell you, that pretty much all nationalities have been slaves in some shape and form in the 152 years since your ancestors were slaves, ALL OF THEM, but even though some are wanting restitution payment, They have the distinction of being a nationality that the Germans wanted to wipe off the planet, the south didn’t do that. For the most part African-Americans were kept alive and fed, as they would be useless, if they were starving or dead. Also, the Jewish holocaust survivors didn’t wait 150 years to request restitution, and the ones who received it only received around $7,000 each it expired on June 4, 2004 some 59 years after the end of world war II, not 139 years after the end of the war.
So, maybe keep that in mind, when you’re belly aching about your people being slaves, and maybe remember that it truly could have been worse.
Celebrities with bad personal hygiene…
- Joan Rivers, I’ve read, has forgone deodorant for spraying her pits and clothing with Vodka and water, which she believes will ward off odors.
- Russel Crowe, the fact that Joan Rivers is the one that brought Russell Crowes B.O. to the forefront is truly strange, being that she seems to have the same problem.
- Robert Pattinson once told a UK tabloid that he has such a hectic schedule that he will only wash and change clothes when he, himself can’t stand the air around him. Can you imagine what that’s like for other people around him?
- Johnny Depp, even though Johnny Depp, himself, has never admitted having a hygiene problem, others have spoken about the fact that he doesn’t like to shower and goes days without one.
- Jessica Simpson, now here’s one you would never believe, but Jessica Simpson went on “Ellen” and admitted that she doesn’t like how slippery her teeth feel after brushing them, so she doesn’t. Jessica flosses and uses mouthwash but without brushing her teeth, she will surely lose them young.
- Matthew McConoughey, apparently hasn’t used deodorant in 20 years. Can you imagine how ripe he must get? Apparently, Kate Hudson, one of his co-stars, begged him to wear some and even offered to let him use hers, but was told by Matthew that women love his natural scent, because he smells like a man. Matt, there’s a reason woman like things like deodorant and cologne on men, we don’t like the caveman smell.
- Brad Pitt, here’s one you would never guess. Apparently Brad Pitt is so against regular showers that one of his co-stars had to teach him to wipe down with baby wipes to reduce the odor.
- Courtney Cox apparently was told that if she doesn’t stay ahead of it, she smells like a truck driver, which she apparently likes.
- Anderson Cooper has admitted wearing the same jeans every day without washing them.
- Cameron Diaz is always caught in stained clothes with sweaty pit stains. Cameron told Splash news that she wears the same clothes for four days and then discards them, she also admitted to not wearing deodorant for about 20 years. Yuk.
Obamacare in Trump’s America…
Repeal and replace Obamacare. Sounds easy, no? Unfortunately, it isn’t as easy as it sounds. In order for congress to repeal and replace Obamacare, the republicans must maintain 218 members of the house and 50 senators.
The republican party alone, includes free market conservatives, pro-business establishment, members from states that actually benefitted from Obamacare, and states in which Hillary Clinton won. They also need to satisfy President Trump, who has veto rights, at the end of the day.
These are not small tasks, but at the end of the day, I still have hope that it will succeed. Think about what Pres. Obama and Nancy Pelosi said to get that bill passed. “If you like your doctor, you can keep him.” That was a lie. “If you like your healthcare plan, you can keep it”. Another lie. “You have to vote the bill in before you can see it”. Would you buy a house or car, sight unseen? I wouldn’t, so why did our government?
Out of 316,128,839 Americans over the age 18, 12.7 mil. are currently being covered by Obamacare, a plan where you have a choice of one doctor, where you pay more out, because you’re paying for the people who can’t. A plan where some of the medications that people really need are not covered at all.
Are you as incensed as I am about this? Are you angry that there are people aged 18-27 who are still on their parents plan? When did this country become a nanny state? Used to be that when a person became 18, they were forced to grow up and get their own plan, now they get to stay children until 27 years of age.
If this makes you as angry as it makes me, comment, tell me what you’re thinking. Maybe, we can come up with the answer together, because the government can’t seem to do it.
This is still America. The majority should still rule. We still have a voice, so stop being silent, because the only way to affect change is to be heard!
I look forward to hearing from you all, please speak out.
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